In a 5-4 decision, a divided Supreme Court stayed the enforcement of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA”) Federal Implementation Plan (“FIP”) holding that the emission control measures set to be used in upwind states to improve ozone levels in downwind states was arbitrary and capricious. Ohio et al. v. Env’t Prot. Agency, No. 23A349, No. 23A350, No. 23A351, No. 23A384, 2024 WL 3187768 at *11 (S. Ct. June 27, 2024). The Court reasoned that EPA’s FIP rested on the assumption that all upwind states would adopt emission-reduction measures to ensure effective downwind air quality improvements. EPA, however, failed to reasonably explain if the FIP would be operable if some upwind states fell out of the plan. In the short term, the stay provides temporary relief to industry groups and states that challenged various aspects of the FIP in the D.C. Circuit; in the long term, the Court’s ruling spells trouble for the FIP’s efficacy if and when federal courts rule on the merits of the rule’s legality.      Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Administrative Procedures Act, Clean Air Act, United States Supreme Court

This entry was authored by MGKF Summer Associate Karina Zakarian

On June 25, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in a case of first impression, vacated the United States District Court for the District of Maryland’s holding in 68th Street Site Work Group v. Alban Tractor Company et al., No. 23-1155 (4th Cir. Jun. 25, 2024), that arranger liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”) requires a potentially responsible party to have knowledge that the waste it discards is hazardous. Rather, the Fourth Circuit found that the mere intent to dispose of waste suffices to establish liability under CERCLA. According to the Court, imposing scienter on arrangers of waste disposal would contradict both legislative intent and the strict liability scheme governing superfund site remediation. Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Arranger Liability, CERCLA, Contribution, Fourth Circuit, Landfill, Maryland, Superfund, Waste

In a recent case from the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, the court granted a partial motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s common law claims because they were deemed time-barred under Pennsylvania law.  Iorfido v. Domtar Paper Company, LLC et al., No. 23-156, 2024 WL 1346641 (W.D. Pa. Mar. 29, 2024).  The lawsuit stemmed from a paper mill’s ongoing emissions of lime particulate matter that allegedly harmed plaintiff’s property.  The court dismissed the common law claims as obviously barred by the two-year statute of limitations as pled in plaintiff’s complaint. Read More »

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On May 7, 2024, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied Defendant ISP Environmental Service Inc.’s (“IES”) motion to dismiss the United States’ (“the Government”) complaint seeking relief under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”). United States v. ISP Envt’l Servs. Inc., 2024 WL 2013949 (D.N.J. 2024).  IES had argued in support of its motion to dismiss that it was neither an owner or operator of the site at issue, and therefore, was not a potentially responsible party under CERCLA.   The district court nevertheless held that IES was potentially liable under CERCLA as the corporate successor of another entity that had owned and operated the site, GAF Chemicals, because the Government plausibly alleged that IES assumed the liabilities for the site pursuant to a contract with GAF Chemicals.    Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: CERCLA, Cost Recovery, Successor Liability, Superfund

The Eleventh Circuit recently addressed the standing requirements for a procedural-rights claim, in this case one arising from an agency’s alleged failure to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”).  In a split 2-1 decision in Center for a Sustainable Coast v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the court held that standing to challenge an agency’s alleged violation of NEPA does not require a showing that a procedural do-over would necessarily redress a substantive injury. No. 22-11079, 2024 WL 1918733 (11^th Cir. May 2, 2024). Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Administrative Procedures Act, NEPA, Permits, Standing

Cost-recovery and contribution lawsuits under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) can sometimes drag on for several years, or longer, because of the multitude of potentially responsible parties (PRPs), the often-separate liability and allocation phases, and appeals of rulings decided at each phase, among other complications.  The recent decision in Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP et al. v. NCR Corp., 1:11-cv-483 (W.D. Mich.), highlights the winding and prolonged paths that some of these cases can take.  Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: CERCLA, Contribution, Cost Recovery, Potentially Responsible Parties, Superfund

On April 12, 2024, the United States Supreme Court unanimously decided Sheetz v. County of El Dorado, California, No. 22-1074, holding that county-level legislation that imposes conditions on the receipt of building permits, here the imposition of traffic impact fees, may amount to a taking under the Constitution’s Fifth Amendment when the conditions do not have an “essential nexus” to the government’s land use interest and a “rough proportionality” to the proposed development’s impact on that interest.  The ruling overturned decisions from lower courts that had held that the Takings Clause operates to invalidate only administrative conditions imposed by local land use agencies, not legislative enactments like the traffic impact fee imposed by the County in this case.   Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Supreme Court, Takings, Takings Clause, United States Supreme Court

In State of Louisiana et al. v. U.S. Envt’l Prot. Agency et al., 2:23-CV-01714, 2024 WL 994651 (W.D. La. Mar. 7, 2024), a federal judge rejected certain states’ and industry groups’ motion for preliminary relief to enjoin the EPA’s revised Clean Water Act (“CWA”) rule (“2023 Rule”). The 2023 Rule reinstated EPA’s long-held interpretation of Section 401 of the CWA that afforded states and tribes broad authority to veto or impose conditions on federally permitted activities due to water quality concerns. The court’s decision is a blow to efforts instituted by EPA under the Trump administration to interpret the authority of states and tribes more narrowly under Section 401. Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Administrative Procedures Act, Clean Water Act, Retroactive, Water Pollution Control Act

In Pakootas v. Teck Cominco Metals, Ltd., No. 2:04-CV-00256-SAB, 2024 WL 627260 (E.D. Wash. Feb. 14, 2024), the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington held that CERCLA does not mandate a procedure for conducting natural resource damage assessments (NRDAs), nor is certainty of costs required for NRDAs to be considered valid under the CERCLA statute. Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: CERCLA, Natural Resource Damages, Tribal Lands

In California Restaurant Association v. City of Berkeley, 89 F. 4th 1094 (9th Cir. 2024), the Ninth Circuit was tasked with determining whether the City of Berkeley’s attempt to prohibit the use of natural gas pipelines in new buildings through a local ordinance conflicted with the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act (“EPCA”), 42 U.S.C. § 6297(c).  That statute expressly preempts state and local governments from enacting regulations restricting energy use of many natural gas appliances, including those used in household and restaurant kitchens.  After evaluating the parties’ arguments, the court concluded that the ordinance is preempted by the EPCA based on the text, structure, and context of that statute.  Read More »

Share | Email| Comments|  Topics: Climate Change, Natural Gas, Preemption